Newly communist China had supported Ho Chi Minh during the war with the French, and continued to do so during the war with the U.S. by providing weapons, expertise and manpower. Chinese troops in North Vietnam would eventually withdraw, for the most part, by 1970. The main countries involved in Vietnam included North Vietnam, South Vietnam, United States of America, Peoples Republic of China, South Korea and USSR. While South Korea sent a total of 313,000 soldiers between 1965 and 1973 to South Vietnam, North Korea only sent in a fighter squadron to North Vietnam in early 1967 to back up their air defenses in the city of Hanoi. But perhaps their biggest role was preemptive: They made it clear that if U.S. ground troops invaded North Vietnam, then they would respond in kind. South Korea  was the main U.S. and South Vietnamese partner, contributing more than 300,000 troops to the war. USA. Since the 19 th century, Vietnam had been under colonial rule. Sovfoto/Universal Images Group/Getty Images. Overall, though, they pumped only about 3,000 troops into the conflict, far fewer than the Chinese. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Japan mostly served as the repair facilities for U.S. tanks and ships China's interest in Vietnam began in the 1940's when communism began to take control. And so you can imagine, during World War II, France was quickly overrun by the Germans. Nonetheless, during 1972 – 1975, China continued to provide the sinews of modern war that would enable NVA to launch two modern and large-scale offensives against South Vietnam in both 1972 and 1975 which eventually ended the Vietnam War. In 1971, the Pentagon Papers were leaked, revealing confidential information about the war. Moscow now became North Vietnam’s main benefactor, increasing its aid to Hanoi in response to the US military escalation of 1965. ... What four presidents were involved in the war. The Philippines, Taiwan and Spain likewise aided the U.S. war effort, whereas on the communist side North Korea and Cuba purportedly sent token support. Following the victory over the south in 1975, the unified Vietnam waged a four year war against Cambodia. Impact of the Gulf War. How eight countries got bogged down in the Vietnam War's Cold War proxy battle. In 1962, the United States, both Vietnams, and several other nations agreed to respect the neutrality of and not interfere in the affairs of Laos, which borders Vietnam to the west. Meanwhile, President Richard Nixon authorized a cross-border invasion of Laos in 1971. The US first used napalm during World War II in both the European and Pacific theaters, and also deployed it during the Korean War.However, those instances are dwarfed by American use of napalm in the Vietnam War, where the US dropped almost 400,000 tons of napalm bombs in the decade between 1963 and 1973. In the aftermath of the World War II, the Soviet Union paid little attention to the communist movement (Viet Minh) in Vietnam who was largely outside Moscow’s sphere of influence. The United States lost the Vietnam War. Financial aid, along with a desire to curry favor with the United States, drew in additional countries as well. Elections were planned to reunite the country within two years, but Diem, with U.S. approval, never submitted to a vote that he feared losing. At the same time, advances in video and audio recording enabled both easier… The Soviets even allegedly shot down some U.S. planes. The Vietnam War was described as a civil war within South Vietnam, although it became a proxy war between Cold War powers. The Vietnam War. The North was supported by communist countries such as the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. The Saudi Arabian forces involved in the war were estimated to be close to 100,000. (The two countries were undergoing a bitter split at the time.). South Korea South Korea, after the US, had the largest contingent of soldiers in South Vietnam. The United States and many other countries intervened, propping up both sides—but especially South Vietnam—with troops, weapons and supplies and turning what started as a small guerrilla uprising into a major Cold War-era conflict. List of wars involving Vietnam. Prior to the recognition and support, the Chinese communists and Viet Minh had been co-operating in their respective struggles during 1946-49, up until the Chinese communists won the civil war in 1949. The North Vietnamese also came to dominate a communist insurgency against the royalist government of Prince Souvanna Phouma, relegating the local Laotian Communists to what Moise describes as “junior partners.”. https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history Ho led the North, whereas the U.S.-backed Ngo Dinh Diem took charge of the South. However, they did not actively involved in the conflict until early 1967 after their ruling Workers Party approved the decision in October 1966. The United States got involved to prevent South Vietnam from falling into communist hands. Unlike during the Korean War, the United States yielded to this threat. A converted T-28 trainer aircraft is seen near 250-pound bombs used by Meo pilots of Vang Pao's "mini-Air Force" against North Vietnamese in northern Laos. As a result, the Vietnamese suffered the highest casualties in the conflict. The significant impact of the war was that it resulted in the death of a large number of people. Nov. 5, 1968: Nixon is elected president, promising to end the war in Vietnam. However, in the years following the war, a vast number of South Vietnamese were sent to re-education campswhere many endured torture, starvation, and disease while being forced to p… Causes of the Vietnam war. Donate or volunteer today! An approximately 1,000 Chinese were killed in North Vietnam in the late 1960s. Also known as the Second Indochina War or simply the American War to the Vietnamese, the epic struggle claimed the lives of more than 2 million people, including some 60,000 U.S. personnel and more than a million civilians. By 1972, the idea that Vietnam posed a threat to Cold War America was so discredited, it sometimes sounded as if America’s only remaining war aim was to … His account of the Vietnam War, A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann And America In Vietnam, took him 15 years to write. The CIA-sponsored "Secret Army" of Major Gen. Vang Pao at Long Cheng, where the U. S. and Laotian governments permitted newsmen a rare glimpse of the base in 1972. The countries involved in Vietnam were Republic of Vietnam, United States, Republic of Korea, Australia, Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic, and Kingdom of Laos. – Part 2. A Cold War-era billboard in Moscow showing bombs raining down on Uncle Sam reading, 'Aggressors out of Vietnam!' ... Up Next. He explains that they were partially motivated by a sense of obligation and ideological sympathy: After all, they could not help but notice the historical parallels between themselves and South Vietnam. The Chinese allowed Soviet materiel across China for the North to prosecute wage the war. While nearly 60,000 Americans lost their lives in the … Nonetheless, “if there had been no Chinese or Soviet support, the North Vietnamese could not have won,” he says, pointing out that the U.S. military budget was roughly 30 times greater than the entire gross national product of North Vietnam. Yet, no matter what they tried, the Americans never succeeded in seriously disrupting North Vietnamese supply lines, nor did they prevent the fall of Laos to the communists in 1975. Mostly in this world people think that the war is not the batter solution for any kind of dispute, violence and misunderstanding. Sheehan served as a war correspondent for United Press International and then the New York Times in the early days of US involvement in the Vietnam War in the 1960s. All rights reserved. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. It was also an important city that China, the Soviet Union, and other countries supported. The death of Stalin in March 1953 and the stabilization of events in Europe drew Moscow’s attention back to Southeast Asia. The U.S involvement in Vietnam had started as early as 1950 when Harry Truman sent military advisors to aid the French. ... China China's interests in the Vietnam War began in the late 1940's when the communists managed to gain control. China only came in 1979 after the war was over when China invaded north Vietnam. Vietnam eventually fell completely to communism. South Vietnam was backed by anti-communist countries and members of the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) which included the United States, South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic (later overthrown by Khmer Rouge), Kingdom of Laos and Republic of China (Taiwan). Contents. You can see Cambodia here, Vietnam along the coast, and then, Laos, right over here. In December, another Beijing-Hanoi pact was signed granting a series of loans of undetermined amounts to North Vietnam. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! In the 1954 Geneva Accords, following the Soviet Union, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai urged the Viet Minh to accept a temporary partition of Vietnam at the 17th parallel. In fact, French President Charles de Gaulle warned his U.S. counterpart, John F. Kennedy Jr., that Vietnam would be a “bottomless military and political swamp.” Though prescient, the advice ultimately went unheeded. The other four were the French, the Japanese, the Chinese and, of course, the Vietnamese themselves. The Vietnam War (also known as Second Indochina War or American War in Vietnam) lasted from 1 November 1955–30 April 1975, (19 years, 5 months, 4 weeks and 1 day).It was fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam.North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China and North Korea, while South Vietnam was supported by the United States, South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New … Automatically reference everything correctly with CiteThisForMe. In the end, almost 60,000 Australians served (521 of whom died), about 40,000 Thais served (321 of whom died), and over 3,000 New Zealanders served (37 of whom died). The student movement and the antiwar movement. Why Were Vietnam War Vets Treated Poorly When They Returned? Some countries such as Cuba and Taiwan provided secret supports to their respective allies while others such as Czechoslovakia, East and West Germany although did not officially participate offered military advisors, engineers and doctors in their allies’ forces. The United States responded with a secret bombing campaign that Nixon drastically ramped up in 1969. However, the US started direct military action in Vietnam in 1964 until 1973. The DMZ was later established and then followed by invasions, skirmishes terrorist acts and so forth until Australia and US got involved in the 1950's and then all out war followed with the other countries joining in. Most Vietnamese, however, opposed colonial rule, and a rebellion broke out led by communist and pro-independence leader Ho Chi Minh. Determined to prevent South Vietnam from falling into communist hands, the United States propped up Diem with billions of dollars in aid, as well as increasing numbers of military advisers. Prince Norodom Sihanouk “basically felt that he was surrounded by dangerous enemies, and he had to make nice with some of them,” Moise says, adding that “he could not afford to offend” the North Vietnamese despite being “anti-communist in Cambodian politics.”. So, too, did a legitimate fear of Communism, Moise says. People from other countries also went to fight but not in their own national army. The first troop left for Vietnam in 1964, with large combat battalions arriving the following year. The American people did not feel like their government was being held accountable. In response to these North Vietnamese transgressions, the Americans covertly rained down billions of pounds of bombs on Laos. Due to the intervention of the international community, known as Operation Desert Storm, the Gulf War was ended. Poster entitled "Support Vietnam People," circa 1969, showing China's support of the Communist cause in Vietnam. The situation changed dramatically when the Chinese communist won the civil in mainland china in October 1949 and fostered the communist movement further to Asia. “Their function is as a tripwire,” Moise says, “a warning to the Americans: ‘Don’t go too far… or you’ll be fighting us.’”. It was part of a larger regional conflict as well as a manifestation of the Cold War. What Countries Involved in the Vietnam War? To conclude, China played an active and crucial role in supporting their communist ally in the Vietnam war the with more than 320,000 Chinese troops stationed in North Vietnam between 1965 and 1971, peaking in 1967 with around 170,000 Chinese in the DRV. Saigon is the city located in South Vietnam that resides next to Ho Chi Ming City. 1 Hồng Bàng Dynasty (2879 BC – 257 BC) 2 … The War was mainly fought in South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. “The French had controlled Vietnam for a couple of generations,” explains Ed Moise, a professor of history at Clemson University and author of Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. Countries Involved in the Vietnam War: The Vietnam War was an undeclared war fought between North and South Vietnam. The Vietnam War was fought between communist North Vietnam and the government of Southern Vietnam. In 1966, the reclusive regime dispatched two squadrons of MiG-17s and a squadron of MiG-21s — 30 planes in all. Brutal tactics were the norm during the Vietnam War, and no one suffered more than the Vietnamese themselves, both in the North and the South. Things changed when Khrushchev was out of power and replaced by Leonid Brezhnev who favored more direct involvement to aid North Vietnam. This was reinforced by a treaty signed during a Hanoi delegation’s visit in Beijing in July 1965 to provide Hanoi enough economic support and necessary equipment for national defense. The Soviet Union remained indifferent with the conflict in Vietnam in early 1960s under Nikita Khrushchev even after the Gulf of Tonkin incident. Laos was originally neutral in the conflict, but the North Vietnamese moved troops through the country and supported a communist insurgency. Although Moscow belatedly recognized Ho’s government in January 1950, they rejected his request to back North Vietnamese movement for independence against the French. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. jaguar & land rover. Vietnam Travel. South Korea was the main U.S. and South Vietnamese partner, providing over 300,000 troops and suffering some 5,000 deaths. Despite the tensions, both Beijing and Moscow shared the same view on the conflict in Vietnam. The Vietnam War is still going on in Vietnam. i dont want explinations about federal nations and immigration and stuff, just give me a simple list of the countries invlved, and if you can, please tell me who were allies and … That insurgency drew heavy U.S. bombing. 320,000 military personnel, more than 4,000. For the most part, the Chinese stayed in the background, rebuilding areas destroyed by U.S. bombs and manning anti-aircraft batteries. When the Second Indochina War, or Vietnam War, as it’s known in the United States, began soon after, France stayed well away. Similar to Beijing, Moscow who feared U.S. direct intervention in Vietnam urged Ho Chi Minh to accept the temporary division of Vietnam of the 1954 Geneva Accords and focus on building the country’s military and economy instead. Dwight Eisenhower JFK Lyndon Johnson Richard Nixon. Vietnam War (1954–75), conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. China continued to provide military aid and support to North Vietnam years after the first Indochina war. WHAT COUNTRIES WERE INVOLVED IN THE VIETNAM WAR? “They were determined to go on holding it, both as a matter of national pride and because if they let one colony go loose, then the others might get ideas.”. Here, retired Colonel William C Haponski, co-author of ‘Autopsy of an Unwinnable War: Vietnam’, explains that the British were in fact one of five main players in early post-World War 2 Vietnam. North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China and North Korea, while South Vietnam was supported by the United States, South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The Vietnam War (1955–75) was a time of great controversy in the United States. This is the currently selected item. The countries involved in Vietnam were Republic of Vietnam, United States, Republic of Korea, Australia, Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic, and Kingdom of Laos. While the U.S.S.R. supplied some troops, their biggest contribution was in weaponry. Though it originally took little interest in the Vietnam War, the Soviet Union secretly ramped up its aid to North Vietnam following Nikita Khrushchev’s fall from power. Today’s post comes from Madie Ward in the National Archives History Office. Jennifer Manzo Both Moscow and Beijing hoped to expand communism into Asia. Yet the Vietnamese didn’t do all the fighting. Among other weapons, the USSR provided surface-to-air missiles that the Chinese weren’t yet technologically capable of producing. During the war with the United States, Giáp would retain his position as one of the chief military commanders in North Vietnam, overseeing the communist insurgency in the South and the activities of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces of the North, though these two were admittedly intertwined. © 2012-2021 The Vietnam War. Yet, as Moise points out, they both learned one important lesson: “It’s dangerous to get in a fight when the other side cares about winning more than you do.”. North Vietnam is supported by what two countries. READ MORE: Why Were Vietnam War Vets Treated Poorly When They Returned? During the Second World War, Japan invaded the country. Nixon then sent troops across the border in 1970, taking advantage of a coup that ousted Sihanouk in favor of a pro-American general. By 1975, when North Vietnamese troops took Saigon and reunified the nation under communist rule, an estimated 1 million to 3 million Vietnamese had perished, many of them civilians. Instead, a communist insurgency broke out, pitting the so-called Viet Cong, who were sponsored by North Vietnam, against Diem’s forces. In total, there were at least 21 countries* reported to get involved in the entire wars in Vietnam – from the First Indochina war (December 19, 1946 – August 1, 1954) to the Vietnam war (the Second Indochina war) (November 1, 1955 to April 30, 1975): * Most of the communist allies hardly disclose any details of their activities during the conflict although their involvement in Vietnam was apparent. U.S. bombs killed tens of thousands of Cambodians, which, some historians contend, may have increased popular support for the Khmer Rouge, a communist insurgency group that initiated a brutal genocide upon taking power in 1975. It wanted no part of the new conflict. The student movement and the antiwar movement. They were seeking to strengthen their ties with France and help stop the spread of communism. Ho led the North, whereas the U.S.-backed Ngo Dinh Diem took charge of the South. And France stayed the colonizing power-- I have a little gap in my timeline here-- and they stayed a colonizing power all the way through World War II. China invaded Vietnam in 1979 by way of retaliation. Save your work forever, build multiple bibliographies, run plagiarism checks, and much more. The Domino Theory. May 7, 1954: Ho Chi Minh’s Viet Minh forces defeat the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, effectively ending the 7 ½-year Indochina War. Republic of Vietnam (1950 "State of Vietnam, AKA South Vietnam) It was France's attempt to reestablish its rule in Vietnam after WWII. The main countries involved in the Vietnam War were North and South Vietnam. In 1964, however, the so-called Gulf of Tonkin incident prompted President Lyndon B. Johnson to commit combat troops and launch a massive bombing campaign, and U.S. involvement only deepened from there. The French and American experiences in Vietnam differed in many respects. In 1954, Ho’s forces won a decisive victory at Dien Bien Phu and succeeded in evicting the French once and for all. Not wanting to be seen as going it alone, the Johnson administration pressured other countries to join in the Vietnam War, much as George W. Bush would later form a “coalition of the willing” to fight in the Iraq War. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Vietnam became a subject of large-scale news coverage in the United States only after substantial numbers of U.S. combat troops had been committed to the war in the spring of 1965. North Vietnam was backed … In the same year, they also sent weapons and military advisors to assist the viet Minh in their war against the French. Same year, they also sent weapons and military assistance, 1968: is... 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